To manufacture paint, a range of powdered chemical ingredients are required, typically including pigments, binders, extenders, and additives. These ingredients, combined with liquid components, determine the paint's final properties, such as color, finish, and durability. PigmentsPowdered pigments provide color, opacity, and other features like corrosion and UV resistance. They are categorized as either organic or inorganic based on their chemical composition. Inorganic pigments
- Titanium Dioxide (TiO?) ($1,500–$2,800/ton, according to Made-in-China.com): A high-opacity white pigment, it is the most common inorganic pigment and provides excellent brightness and UV resistance.
- Iron Oxide (Fe?O?) ($0.50–$0.75/kg, according to Accio): Provides strong red, yellow, black, and brown colors. It is known for its stability and weather resistance, and is often used in industrial and automotive paints.
- Carbon Black ($0.40–$0.80/kg for bulk, according to Alibaba): A fine black powder that offers high tinting strength and is used for dark paints and coatings.
- Chrome Oxide Green: Delivers an olive-green color and offers high opacity and stability.
- Ultramarine Blue: Used for blue pigments, especially in powder coatings, rubber, plastics, and paper.
Organic pigments
- Phthalocyanine Pigments ($6–$7/kg for green, according to Alibaba): Produce vibrant blue and green colors. These pigments are known for their high strength, heat resistance, and lightfastness.
- Azo Pigments ($0.1–$0.5/kg for orange, according to Made-in-China.com): A wide family of organic pigments that provide bright yellows, oranges, and reds. They offer strong coloring power and good lightfastness.
- Quinacridone Pigments: Offer excellent performance with vibrant red and violet colors, as well as superior solvent and weather resistance.
- Specialty Pigments: Powders that provide special effects, such as pearlescent, thermochromic (color-changing), and glow-in-the-dark properties.
Binders (Resins)Binders are polymers that form the paint film and hold the pigment particles together. They are a critical component for adhesion, durability, and other physical properties.
- Acrylic Resins ($3.00–$3.91/liter for liquid versions, according to Accio): Acrylic polymers are a versatile choice for both water-based and solvent-based paints, including architectural and automotive coatings.
- Epoxy Resins ($2.9–$3.5/kg for powder coating, according to Made-in-China.com): Known for their strong adhesion, chemical resistance, and toughness. They are often used for industrial coatings, floor systems, and primers.
- Polyester Resins: Provide high gloss, color stability, and weather resistance, making them ideal for outdoor applications like facade elements and automotive parts.
- Polyurethane Resins ($5–$8/kg for non-yellowing versions, according to Accio): Offer excellent toughness, flexibility, and resistance to abrasion. They are used in high-performance coatings for applications requiring superior weather and chemical resistance.
Extenders (Fillers)Extenders are powdered minerals that increase the volume of paint, improve film strength, and influence properties like sheen and adhesion. They also reduce the overall cost.
- Calcium Carbonate (CaCO?) ($130–$180/ton, according to Made-in-China.com): A versatile and economical filler used to manage costs, enhance opacity, and adjust gloss levels.
- Kaolin: Also known as white clay, kaolin improves the paint's physical properties and is used as a functional filler.
- Talc: A magnesium silicate hydrate that is used as a filler to strengthen the paint film.
- Barytes (Barium Sulphate): A white mineral used as an extender to increase the density and corrosion resistance of paint.
AdditivesAdditives are specialized powders used in small amounts to enhance specific paint properties, such as consistency, drying time, and stability.
- Rheology Modifiers (Thickeners): Control the flow and consistency of paint to prevent sagging and ensure an even application.
- Defoamers: Break up air bubbles that can form during the mixing and application process, ensuring a smooth finish.
- Dispersing Agents ($0.42–$0.45/kg, according to Alibaba): Stabilize pigment particles in the liquid, preventing them from clumping together and improving color uniformity and hiding power.
- Wetting Agents: Promote the uniform spreading of paint over a surface.
- Biocides: Preservatives and mildewcides used in water-based paints to prevent bacterial growth in the can and mildew formation on the painted surface.
- Zinc Phosphate: A functional pigment used as an anti-corrosive additive for metal surfaces.
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